Description
Tiger Shovelnose Catfish – Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum
Introduction:
The Tiger Shovelnose Catfish (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) is a large, striking freshwater species native to South America’s river systems. Renowned for its bold black and silver striped pattern and elongated body, this predatory catfish can reach an impressive size of up to 3–4 feet (91–122 cm) in captivity. Its combination of beauty, size, and predatory behavior makes it a favorite among advanced aquarium hobbyists with the space to accommodate its needs.
1. Natural Habitat and Behavior
The Tiger Shovelnose Catfish is found in slow-moving, murky waters of rivers and floodplains across the Amazon and Orinoco basins. It is a nocturnal predator that relies on its keen sense of smell and long whisker-like barbels to locate prey. In the wild, it primarily feeds on smaller fish, crustaceans, and insects. As a bottom-dwelling species, it prefers sandy or muddy substrates and areas with submerged logs or other debris for cover.
2. Aquarium Setup
- Tank Size: Due to its potential size, a tank of at least 300 gallons (1135 liters) is required for juveniles, with larger custom aquariums or indoor ponds being necessary for adult specimens.
- Substrate: Use soft sand or fine gravel to mimic its natural habitat and avoid injury to its delicate barbels.
- Decor: Provide plenty of hiding spots using large pieces of driftwood, rock formations, or PVC pipes. Avoid sharp decor that may harm its sensitive skin.
- Water Conditions:
- Temperature: 75–82°F (24–28°C)
- pH: 6.0–7.5
- Hardness: 2–15 dGH
- Filtration: High-capacity filtration is essential to handle the bio-load of this large, messy eater. Ensure strong water flow and maintain excellent water quality through regular water changes (20–30% weekly).
- Lighting: Dim lighting replicates its natural environment and helps reduce stress, as the Tiger Shovelnose is more active during low-light conditions.
3. Diet and Feeding
The Tiger Shovelnose Catfish is a carnivorous species with a voracious appetite.
- Preferred Foods: Offer a variety of meaty foods, such as live or frozen fish, shrimp, earthworms, or silversides.
- Prepared Foods: Sinking carnivore pellets and high-quality meaty feeds can supplement its diet.
- Feeding Tips: Feed juveniles 1–2 times daily, while adults can be fed 3–4 times a week. Avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity and maintain water quality.
4. Compatibility with Other Fish
- Tank Mates: Due to its size and predatory nature, the Tiger Shovelnose should only be housed with large, robust fish that it cannot easily consume. Suitable companions include other large South American fish, such as arowanas, pacus, or larger cichlids.
- Avoid: Small fish, such as tetras or guppies, will quickly be seen as food. Avoid housing with overly aggressive tank mates, as the catfish can become stressed.
- Behavior: Generally, the Tiger Shovelnose is not aggressive toward similarly sized tank mates but can be territorial with other bottom-dwelling fish.
5. Common Challenges and Tips
- Tank Size: The most significant challenge in keeping this species is providing enough space as it grows. Juveniles can start in smaller tanks but will require upgrades to accommodate their rapid growth.
- Water Quality: The Tiger Shovelnose produces a considerable bio-load, necessitating a robust filtration system and diligent maintenance.
- Compatibility: While it may peacefully coexist with similarly sized fish, it will opportunistically eat anything small enough to fit in its mouth.
- Stress Reduction: Provide adequate hiding spaces to help reduce stress and create a natural, comfortable environment.
Conclusion
The Tiger Shovelnose Catfish is a breathtaking addition to large aquariums or indoor ponds. Its unique appearance and active, predatory behavior make it a rewarding choice for experienced aquarists prepared to meet its size and care requirements. With proper planning and maintenance, this majestic fish can thrive and become the centerpiece of any large tank setup.